Student voices: A mixed-method approach to understanding the quality of life of students living with food access barriers

Abstract

Grounded in Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, this mixed-methods study examined how food access influences the quality of life (QoL) among college agriculture students. Because food is a fundamental physiological need, inadequate access can impede students’ physical, psychological, and social well-being, as well as their academic success. This study aimed to identify barriers to food access and determine the factors most strongly associated with students’ QoL.

A concurrent and sequential mixed-methods design was utilized. Phase 1 consisted of a cross-sectional online survey distributed to 3,336 undergraduate students, resulting in 809 responses (24% response rate). Multiple linear regression analysis revealed a statistically significant model (p = .017) explaining 27.7% of the variance in QoL. Significant predictors included food access, first-generation status, senior classification, and Asian ethnicity. Phase 2 consisted of 19 semi-structured interviews that explored the lived experiences underlying the survey findings. Thematic analysis identified nine key themes: barriers to food access, unawareness of resources, financial strain, lack of meal plan funds, limited food options, and the effects of food insecurity on physical health, psychological well-being, social relationships, and academic performance.

Students reported that demanding schedules, transportation challenges, and limited institutional support constrained their ability to access nutritious food. The results highlight food access as a central determinant of students’ QoL and educational persistence. Institutions should enhance awareness of available resources, provide financial and meal plan assistance, and ensure inclusive dining options to promote student well-being and academic success.